11 July 2025
10 July 2025 The Turkish Data Protection Authority (“Authority”) published a principle decision (“Decision”) dated 10 June 2025 and numbered 2025/1072 on the processing of personal data by sending verification codes via SMS to data subjects during the provision of products and services. The Decision was published in Official Gazette dated 26 June 2025 and…
9 July 2025
1.The Legal System of Israel . Israeli law is based mostly on a common law legal system, but also incorporates some aspects of continental law. It also reflects the diverse history of the territory of the State of Israel throughout the last two hundred years (Ottoman sovereignty and after it British sovereignty), as well as…
9 July 2025
The Legal System of Poland The legal system of Poland is based on the continental legal system (civil law tradition). The sources of generally binding law in Poland are: the Constitution, laws, ratified international agreements and regulations. The Constitution as currently in force since 1997 is considered the most important source of law in Poland….
9 July 2025
The Legal System The Argentine Republic consists of 23 provinces and a federal capital, the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The Argentine Constitution divides the federal government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches. While the federal constitutional system is similar to other modern republics like the United States, the Argentine legal system claims its heritage…
9 July 2025
The Legal System The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic with a legal system rooted in continental European civil law traditions. The government is divided into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, ensuring a system of checks and balances. The Czech legal framework emphasizes the application of codified statutes over case law, which is not…
9 July 2025
1) **The Legal System of Slovakia: An Overview** Slovakia follows a civil law system rooted originally in Roman law. The country’s legal framework is governed by its Constitution. Division of the state power is made through executive government, single-chamber parliament (National Council) adopting legislative and courts. Laws are created through legislation by the National Council,…
7 July 2025
Litigation funding — internationally known as Third-Party Funding (TPF) — has been gaining increasing prominence in the Brazilian legal context. This topic, which has already drawn the attention of courts, arbitral institutions, and investors, was recently discussed at the 13th Brazilian Congress on Commercial Law, held on May 15–16, 2025, at the headquarters of the…
26 June 2025
The Communiqué on Keeping Commercial Books Not Related to the Accounting of the Business in Electronic Format (the “Communiqué”), published in the Official Gazette dated 4 February 2025 and numbered 32813, will enter into force on 1 July 2025. With the Communiqué, it has been made mandatory for: Companies whose establishment and articles of association…
23 June 2025
The Land Law, passed in 2011, limited the acquisition of rural land by foreigners with the aim of protecting national sovereignty. Its repeal by the Javier Milei administration reignited a central debate: Do these restrictions defend national interests or hinder the country’s economic development? This article reviews the law’s origins, its current status, and should…
20 June 2025
As per the public announcement dated 10 June 2025 of the Personal Data Protection Authority (in Turkish, “Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kurumu”, the “Authority”), a significant transformation has been initiated in the procedures and principles regarding the notification of administrative fines imposed under the Law on the Protection of Personal Data (in Turkish, “Kişisel Verilerin Korunması…
