9 July 2025
The Legal System The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic with a legal system rooted in continental European civil law traditions. The government is divided into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, ensuring a system of checks and balances. The Czech legal framework emphasizes the application of codified statutes over case law, which is not…
9 July 2025
1) **The Legal System of Slovakia: An Overview** Slovakia follows a civil law system rooted originally in Roman law. The country’s legal framework is governed by its Constitution. Division of the state power is made through executive government, single-chamber parliament (National Council) adopting legislative and courts. Laws are created through legislation by the National Council,…
7 July 2025
Litigation funding — internationally known as Third-Party Funding (TPF) — has been gaining increasing prominence in the Brazilian legal context. This topic, which has already drawn the attention of courts, arbitral institutions, and investors, was recently discussed at the 13th Brazilian Congress on Commercial Law, held on May 15–16, 2025, at the headquarters of the…
26 June 2025
The Communiqué on Keeping Commercial Books Not Related to the Accounting of the Business in Electronic Format (the “Communiqué”), published in the Official Gazette dated 4 February 2025 and numbered 32813, will enter into force on 1 July 2025. With the Communiqué, it has been made mandatory for: Companies whose establishment and articles of association…
23 June 2025
The Land Law, passed in 2011, limited the acquisition of rural land by foreigners with the aim of protecting national sovereignty. Its repeal by the Javier Milei administration reignited a central debate: Do these restrictions defend national interests or hinder the country’s economic development? This article reviews the law’s origins, its current status, and should…
20 June 2025
As per the public announcement dated 10 June 2025 of the Personal Data Protection Authority (in Turkish, “Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kurumu”, the “Authority”), a significant transformation has been initiated in the procedures and principles regarding the notification of administrative fines imposed under the Law on the Protection of Personal Data (in Turkish, “Kişisel Verilerin Korunması…
16 June 2025
In this article, we would like to inform you about a recent amendment concerning wage and other payments of employees, namely; Regulation Amending the Regulation on the Payment of Wages, Bonuses, and All Types of Receivables of This Nature via Banks (in Turkish, “Ücret, Prim, İkramiye ve Bu Nitelikteki Her Türlü İstihkakın Bankalar Aracılığıyla Ödenmesine…
10 June 2025
It is well known that one of the most commonly used methods by data controllers and data processors for the transfer of personal data abroad is the signing of standard contracts which includes such as data categories, purposes of data transfer, recipient and recipient groups, technical and organizational measures to be implemented by the data…
4 June 2025
4 June 2025 The Regulation Amending the Regulation on Distance Contracts (in Turkish, “Mesafeli Sözleşmeler Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik, the “Amending Regulation”), published in the Official Gazette numbered 32909 and dated 24 May 2025, introduced significant amendments to the legal regime governing distance contracts in Türkiye. These amendments are grounded in Article 48 of…
3 June 2025
Bill No. 4/2025 (“Bill”), which proposes a broad reform of the Brazilian Civil Code (Law No. 10.406 of January 10, 2002), has already generated intense discussions in legal circles. Delivered in February by the them president of the Senate, Rodrigo Pacheco, to the president of the Federal Supreme Court, Justice Luís Roberto Barroso, the text…
