Africa

Madagascar: the Bankability of Solar Projects

The Malagasy Ministry of Energy has just announced the signing of 46 memoranda of understanding for the construction of solar plants with an aggregated capacity of 932 MW. This enthusiasm among developers may come as a surprise just a few months after a regime change. However, as the change of regime was prompted mainly by…

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The New Regime in Gabon’s Electricity Sector

Law No. 012/2023 replaces the former 2016 framework and establishes a dedicated regulatory regime for Gabon’s electricity sector. The reform reinforces the full liberalization of production, transmission, distribution, and commercialization, confirming the State’s long‑term strategy of opening the sector to private participation. It introduces two mechanisms for carrying out public electricity service activities: the public…

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WAEMU: A Community Law Framework Structuring Business in West Africa

Created by the Dakar Treaty of 10 January 1994 and built upon the pre-existing West African Monetary Union, WAEMU was conceived not merely as a monetary arrangement, but as a broader project of economic and legal integration (WAEMU Treaty, Arts. 2 and 4). It brings together eight Member States — Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire,…

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OHADA: A Distinctive Legal Space for Business in Africa

Created by the Treaty signed in Port Louis on 17 October 1993 and revised in Quebec on 17 October 2008, OHADA was designed as a legal integration project intended to promote legal certainty and strengthen investor confidence across a significant part of Africa. Its seventeen Member States — Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Central African…

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